Research Guide

Basic Concept of Qualitative Research

deniborin — Mon, 22 Aug 2011 19:22:10 +0000

Basic Concept of Qualitative Research - In one study we know the methodology of quantitative research and qualitative research methodologies. The difference between quantitative and qualitative research has actually been often mentioned by experts.

Among them are according to Guba and Lincoln (1982:62-82) states that quantitative research uses the term scientific research paradigm (scientific paradigm), whereas qualitative research is called naturalistic inquiry or inquiry naturally (Moleong, 2000:15).

The term of qualitative research itself, according to Kirk and Miller (1986:9), at first observation based on quantitative as opposed to qualitative observations. Quantitative observation involves measuring levels of a particular trait. To find something in the observation, the observer has to know what characterizes it is. For that observers began to record or count of 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and so on. Based on such superficial considerations, then the researchers claim that quantitative research included every type of research that is based on the calculation of percentages, on average, chi square, and other statistical calculations. In other words, quantitative research involving themselves in “calculating” or “number” or “quantity”. (Moleong, 2000:2)

On the other hand, “quality” refers to the terms “natural” as opposed to “quantum” or “number” is. On the basis of considerations that will later appear to be interpreted as a qualitative research study that does not make the calculation. (Moleong, 2000:2)

To conduct further assessment of qualitative research terms it would need to put forward some definitions. Bogdan and Taylor (1975:5) defines “qualitative methodology” as a research procedure that produces descriptive data in the form of words written or spoken of the people and behaviors that can be observed. According to them these approaches are directed at the individual’s background and holistic (whole). So, in this case should not isolate the individual or organization into a variable or hypothesis, but should view it as part of a wholeness. (Moleong, 2000:3)

In line with these definitions, Kirk and Miller (1986:9) medefinisikan that qualitative research is a particular tradition in social science that is fundamentally dependent on the observations in humans in the region itself and relate to those people in the language. (Moleong, 2000:3)

Characteristics of Qualitative Research

deniborin — Mon, 22 Aug 2011 19:09:32 +0000

Characteristics of Qualitative Research - Bogdan, Biklen, Lincoln and Guba, describes the characteristics of qualitative research as follows:

1. Natural History

Qualitative Research conducts on natural research background or in the context of a whole (entity). According to Lincoln and Guba, this was done because the ontology of nature with the existence of the facts as a whole that can not be understood if separated from its context.

2. Man as a Tool (instrument)
In qualitative research, the researcher himself or with the help of others is the main data collection tool. This was done because, if the use of non-human tool and prepare themselves in advance as a kind commonly used in classical studies, it is not possible to make adjustments to the existing realities on the ground.

3. Qualitative Methods
Qualitative research using qualitative methods of observation, interviews, or review documents. The qualitative method was used because of several considerations. First, qualitative methods to adjust more easily when faced with the fact plural. Second, this research method provides directly the nature of the relationship between researcher and respondent. Third, this method is more sensitive and more to adjust to the many sharpening effect on the patterns shared values encountered.

4. The Inductive Data Analysis
Inductive analysis of the data was used for several reasons. First, the inductive process is to discover the realities plural as contained in the data. Second, more inductive analysis to create a researcher-respondent relationship becomes explicit, it can be known, and accountable. Third, the analysis is thus more able to make decisions about whether or not to transfer at some other background. Fourth, more inductive analysis can be found along the sharpening effect relationships. Fifth, this analysis can calculate the values explicitly as part of the structure analistik.

5. Theory of the Basic (grounded theory)
More qualitative research requires the guidance of the preparation of substantive theory derived from data. This is caused by several things. First, there is no a-priori theory that can cover multiple realities that may be encountered. Second, this study believe what he sees so he tried to be neutral as far as possible. Third, the theory of more-basic to responsive to contextual values. In essence, the preparation of the theory here comes from the bottom up (grounded theory). Directions for preparing the theory will become clear after the data was collected.

6. Descriptive
The data collected is in the form of words, pictures, and not the numbers, so the research report will contain data excerpts to give a presentation of the report. The data may come from the script interviews, field notes, photographs, videotapes, personal documents, notes or memos, writing in the mass media and other official documents.

7. More concerned with process than results
Qualitative research is more concerned with process rather than outcome terms. This is caused by the relationship the parts that are being studied will be much more obvious when observed in the process.

8. Boundaries are defined by the existence of Focus
Qualitative research requires the existence of the limit defined in research on the basis of focus that arise as a problem in the study. This was caused by several things. First, determine the limits plural reality which then sharpen the focus. Second, the determination to focus more closely linked by the interaction between the researchers and focused.

9. The existence of the Special Criteria for Eligibility Data
Qualitative research to define the validity, reliability, and objectivity in other versions than those commonly used in classical studies.

10. Characteristically While Design
Compile qualitative research design that is continuously adapted to the reality on the ground. So, do not use a design that had been developed in strict and rigid so it can not be changed anymore. This is caused by several things. First, we can not imagine in advance about plural realities on the ground. Second, can not be predicted in advance what will change because it will happen in the interaction between researchers with reality. Third, a variety of related value systems related to the way that can not be predicted.

11. Research Results negotiated and agreed Joint

More qualitative research calls for understanding and interpretation of results obtained negotiated and agreed upon by humans who serve as sources of data. This is caused by several things. First, the structure of reality is they who will be appointed by the researchers. Second, the results depend on the nature and quality of the relationship between the search with the search. Third, confirm the working hypothesis would be better verification, if known and confirmed by people who have anything to do with the investigation.

Differences of Qualitative Research and Quantitative Research

deniborin — Mon, 22 Aug 2011 19:05:04 +0000

Differences of Qualitative Research and Quantitative Research - Qualitative research or often called subjective research has characteristics that distinguish it from an objective or quantitative research, such differences can be seen in the table below:

Differences of Quantitative Research and Qualitative Research :

No	Identification Principle	Quantitative Research	Qualitative Research
1	Character of reality	Single, concrete, and observable	General, holistic, outcome construction of understandingInteractive, can not be separated
2	The relationship between the researcher with the researched	Independent	Interactive, can not be separated
3	Possibility	Tended, making	Transferabilitas

Qualitative Research Definition

deniborin — Mon, 22 Aug 2011 19:01:40 +0000

Qualitative Research Definition - From the results concluded that the proposed definition of experts, in his book Qualitative Research Methods, Lexy J. Moloeng (2004:6) defines qualitative research as research that aims to understand the phenomenon of what is experienced by research subjects such as attitudes, perceptions, motivations, actions, etc.., Holistically, and by way of description in the form of words and language, in a particular context that naturally and by utilizing a variety of natural methods.

According to Nasution (2003:18) qualitative research is called naturalistic research, because in qualitative peneliutian conducted in settings that lamiah or natural background.

Qualitative research is essentially observing people in the environment, interact with them, trying to understand the language and their interpretations about the world around him. To the researchers must jump spaciousness and be there in a long time. What is done by many similarity qualitative researchers with detectives or spies, explorers, or journalists who also jumped into the field to study a particular human with a lot of collecting data. Of course, what the scientists are more accurate, formal and sophisticated. (Nasution, 2003:5)

Scientific Journals

deniborin — Mon, 06 Jun 2011 12:56:18 +0000

Scientific journals is one type of academic journals where authors publish scientific articles. To ensure the scientific quality of articles published, an article usually investigated by colleagues and revised by the author, this is known as peer review (peer review).

There are a variety of scholarly journals covering all fields of science, as well as social sciences and humanities. Publishing in the form of scientific articles are usually more important to the field of natural science and medicine compared with other academic fields.

Below is an example of scientific journals in the field of science:

Astrophysical Journal – astronomy
Nature – Natural Science general
OIKOS – ecology
Organic Letters – organic chemistry
Science – Natural Science general

Scientific Research

deniborin — Mon, 06 Jun 2011 12:28:07 +0000

Scientific research is a continued series of observations which connects, accumulate and gave birth to theories that explain and predict phenomena. Scientific research is often associated with scientific method as a systematic procedure used to conduct research.

Scientific research is also one way to explain natural phenomena. The existence of scientific research makes the science develops, because the hypotheses generated by scientific research often have retroduksi.

Three steps of scientific research

Scientific research is usually through three stages / steps: conceptualization, operationalization, and observation.

Definition of Research Methodology

deniborin — Thu, 26 May 2011 08:39:03 +0000

Definition of Research Methodology, what is the research methodology? The research methodology is a set of rules, activities, and procedures used by the perpetrators of a discipline. The methodology is also a theoretical analysis of a method or methods. The study is a systematic investigation to increase the amount of knowledge, is also a systematic and organized effort to investigate certain issues that need answers. The nature of research can be understood by studying the various aspects that encourage research to conduct research.

Everyone has different motivations, among them influenced by the objectives and their respective professions. Motivation and objectives of research in general is basically the same, namely that research is a reflection of human desires are always trying to find something. The desire to acquire and develop knowledge is a basic human need which is generally the motivation for doing research.